Yog ib qhov kev xav ntau dua txog yoga yog tias nws laus lawm. Thaum peb pib xyaum yoga asanas , peb nquag nquahu kom ntseeg tau hais tias cov duab peb lub cev tab tom noj yog ib feem ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thaum ub, tib txoj haujlwm uas tau ua dhau los ntawm thawj tshooj xyoo dhau los. Tab sis thaum muaj ib yam dab tsi hu ua "yoga" rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, nws bears yuav luag tsis muaj qhov zoo li peb tam sim no txhais los ntawm lo lus.
Li cas muaj hnub nyoog feem ntau ntawm cov postures uas peb ntsib nyob rau hauv ib chav kawm yog yoga? Thaum nws tawm mus, tej zaum tsis yog li qub heev.
Asana nyob rau hauv Ancient ntawv
Muaj ntau ntau phau ntawv uas tau hais txog ntau tshaj li qhov kev xav ntawm sab qaum teb yoga, tab sis tsawg teev ntawm yoga postures yog ua hauv lawv. Hauv Bhagavad Gita , piv txwv, lo lus asana yog siv los txhais tau tias lub rooj. Zoo li no, nyob hauv lub Yoga Sutras ntawm Patanjali , asana, yog ib lub yoga lub limbs , yog hais txog tus cwj pwm ruaj khov thiab xis zoo rau kev xav, raws li yoga ntawv Mark Singleton, tus sau ntawm Yoga Lub Cev: Lub Hauv Paus Txiav Txim ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Siab Zej Zog (2010), nyob rau hauv uas nws explores lub evolution ntawm yoga rau hauv lub mainstream. Lwm qhov chaw qub, Hatha Yoga Pradipika , "piav txog kaum plaub, kaum ib ntawm qhov chaw nyob, nws tau pom zoo plaub leeg ntawm tag nrho lwm cov (lwm yam, padma, simha thiab bhadra): cov no yog txhua zaum chaw ua hauj lwm kev xav," says Singleton.
Tsis ntev los no Advent ntawm Asana
Li ntawd, yog tias tsis piav nyob rau hauv ancient ntawv, qhov twg puas yoga poses tuaj? Singleton txoj kev tshawb fawb pom zoo tias yoga asana raws li peb paub tias hnub no tau los ua nyob rau hauv keeb kwm tsis ntev los no, los ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb xws li lub ntiaj teb lub cev kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub xyoo pua 19, uas tau siv ntau cov tswv yim tshiab thiab hais txog kev coj ncaj ncees, ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws British zoo nkauj (tshwj xeeb ntawm lub rooj sib tw) nyob rau Is Nrias teb, thiab kev nce qib tom qab colonial Indian nationalism, uas tau nrhiav kom pom thiab txhawb ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib ce.
Singleton cov lus piav qhia txhawb zog ntawm T. Krishnamacharya rau niaj hnub postural yoga. Krishnamacharya txoj kev qhia, ua tau los ntawm patronage ntawm Maharaja Krishnaraja Wodeyar ntawm Mysore, flourished nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1930 thiab 40s ntawm Mysore Palace ua ib feem ntawm kev kawm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb kawm.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Mysore
NE Sjoman txoj kev tshawb kawm xyoo 1996, Lub Yoga Kev Lom Zem ntawm Mysore Palace , nthuav dav txog qhov teeb meem uas tau tso cai rau Krisnamacharya lub hom phiaj ntawm yoga los tsim thiab cog lus, tshwj xeeb yog los ntawm nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv BKS Iyengar thiab K. Pattabhi Jois . Sjoman, tus kws tshawb fawb Sanskrit uas tau nyob hauv Is Nrias teb tau ntau xyoo, nrog rau tsib xyoo Pune thaum lub sij hawm nws kawm nrog Iyengar, tau tso cai los ntawm tsev neeg Wodeyar los luam tawm ib feem ntawm daim ntawv sau los ntawm Mysore lub tsev hu ua Sritattvanidhi . Tsim muaj caij nyoog nruab nrab ntawm 1811 thiab 1868, daim ntawv sau no qhia txog thiab cov npe ntawm 121 lub npe. Coob leej ntau tus pom tau tias peb tau xyaum ua haujlwm hnub no, tab sis feem coob ntawm cov npe sib txawv. Sjoman ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev cob qhia uas siv los ntawm cov neeg sib tw Indian nyob rau ntau lub poses, thiab muab cov pov thawj tias Krishnamacharya tau raug rau ib hom kev xyaum ntaus kis las nyob hauv European thaum nws khiav lub yogashala ntawm lub Palace.
Tsis yog Sjoman los yog Singleton pom cov pov thawj ntawm Yoga Korunta , cov ntawv qub uas yog Krishnamacharya thiab Jois tau thov los ntawm qhov uas Jois hu ua Ashtanga Yoga.
Ib qho Dynamic Tradition
Yog hais tias koj saib cov yeeb yaj duab ntawm cov hluas Pattabhi Jois thiab BKS Iyengar xyaum ua tus ntiag tug style ntawm yoga raws li tsim los ntawm Krishnamacharya (muaj nyob ntawm YouTube), nws yog nthuav kom pom ntau npaum li cas asana xyaum tau hloov txawm nyob rau hauv 60 xyoo dhau los. Txawm hais tias Jois thiab Iyengar yog cov neeg tsis paub meej txog ntawm asana, lawv txoj kev coj txawv li zoo li, txawm tsis txawj. Muaj tsis muaj kev lom zem zoo li ua las voos uas peb tau tuaj mus qhuas ntau xyoo dhau los.
Cov pov thawj qhia tau tias yog qhov hloov ntawm yoga asana los ntawm ib txhais tes ntawm seated poses mus rau cov seev cev ntawm kev sib xyaw kom haum rau lub sijhawm uas peb tau txais kev lom zem tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 200 xyoo dhau los, muaj zog nyob rau yav dhau los ib nrab xyoo, kev kho ntawm kev lig kev cai zoo li misguided . To taub kev hloov ua ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm yoga tuaj yeem tso peb tshem tawm peb cov lus txuas mus rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm thiab saib xyuas qhov kev xyaum ua mus ntxiv. Sjoman hais txog qhov no yog ib qho kev coj ntawm kev coj ua, aptly capturing yoga's keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab tas li evolving xwm.
Qhov chaw:
Singleton, Mark. Yoga Lub Cev: Lub Hauv Paus Txiav Txim Siab Zej Zog . Oxford University Press, 2010.
Singleton, Mark. Kev sau ntawv, Lub Kaum Hlis xiab 2012.
Sjoman, NE, Lub Yoga tsoos ntawm Mysore Palace . Abhinav Luam tawm, New Delhi. Thawj Tsab Ntawv 1996, Zaj Ob Hlis 1999.