Proteins yog tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho tej yam ntxwv ntawm cov tib neeg lub cev, xws li cov leeg thiab cov nruab nrog cev. Koj tseem xav tau cov roj ntsha tiv thaiv koj lub cev tsis muaj zog, ua rau cov neurotransmitters, tsim thiab teeb liab hormones, thiab ntau yam ntxiv.
Proteins yuav tau loj molecules uas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom vaj tse hu ua amino acids . Tus qauv ntawm cov amino acid molecule muaj xws li ib pawg carboxyl ntawm atoms, ib pawg amine, thiab ib sab saw.
Cov pab pawg neeg carboxyl muaj ib cov pa, ob lub pa, thiab ib hom roj atom. Cov amine pawg muaj ib hom nitrogen uas muaj ob hom tshuaj hydrogen nrog nws.
Txhua 20 amino acids muaj ntau sab chains, uas sib txawv hauv cov duab. Muaj cov chains ntawm atoms, branched chains ntawm atoms, thiab ib ncig ntawm atoms, ntxiv rau cov chains sab hauv xws li carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, nitrogen, thiab cov pa oxygen.
Lub configuration thiab cov khoom muaj nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau yog dab tsi txawv ib qho tawm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov amino acid. Cov xim amino acids uas yog cov amino acids yog cov isoleucine, leucine, thiab valine thiab tsim nyog rau cov leeg nqaij. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, thiab tryptophan hu ua aromatic amino acids thiab txhua tus muaj ib sab saw nrog lub nplhaib-puab ua. No peb cov amino acids uas yuav tsum tau siv rau cov kab mob neurotransmitter.
NonEssential thiab tseem ceeb heev Amino Acids
Qhov 11 qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acids tsis raug hu ua "non-essential" vim tias lawv tsis tseem ceeb.
Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb, thiab koj lub cev xav kom lawv ua ntau yam hauj lwm. Cov amino acids no hu ua "tsis tseem ceeb" vim tias koj tsis tas yuav tau txais los ntawm koj cov khoom noj. Koj lub cev tuaj yeem ua cov 11 amino acids ntawm cov tshuaj uas twb muaj nyob hauv koj lub cev. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov amino acids muaj xws li:
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Asparagine
- Aspartic Acid
- Cysteine
- Glutamic Acid
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Proline
- Serine
- Tyrosine
Cov amino acids arginine, cysteine, glycine, thiab tyrosine yog qee zaum kuj pom tias yog "qhov tseem ceeb." Qhov no txhais tau hais tias feem ntau cov neeg siv lawv tus kheej, tab sis cov neeg uas muaj mob lossis kev txawv txav tsis tuaj yeem ua rau lawv, yog li ntawd lawv yuav tsum tau txais lawv los ntawm lawv cov pluas noj.
Qhov cuaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acids yog hu ua "qhov tseem ceeb" vim tias koj tuaj yeem ua tsis tau rau lawv; koj yuav tsum noj cov proteins uas muaj cov amino acids. Lawv muaj xws li:
- Histidine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Valine
Koj puas xav tau txhawj txog cov amino acids uas tseem ceeb thaum koj npaj koj cov pluas noj txhua hnub? Tsis tshua. Tsiaj cov khoom ntawm cov protein xws li cov nqaij, qe, thiab cov khoom noj siv mis yog "cov nqaijrog tiav." Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias txhua tus kabmob uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv ib yam khoom tsiaj muaj txhua yam ntawm cuaj yam tseem ceeb amino acids. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab vegans yuav tsum them me ntsis ntxiv rau cov zaubmov noj zaubmov. Cog cov proteins uas hu ua "cov nqaij ua tsis tiav." Txhua tus cog protein tsis tuaj yeem muaj ib los yog ntau dua ntawm cuaj yam amino acids. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua cov amino acid nyob hauv qee cov nroj tsuag, yog li koj tuaj yeem ua ke ntau hom proteins kom tau tag nrho cov amino acids uas koj xav tau.
Kawm txog vegan thiab cov nqaij muaj protein ntau .
Muaj ntau ntau cov protein nyob hauv koj lub cev, thiab lawv ua haujlwm sib txawv. Cov khoom noj muaj xws li:
- Pab rau kev ua kom muaj zog enzyme uas txhawb kev tshuaj lom neeg ntawm lub cev
- Kev xee lub hlwb tawm dab tsi thiab thaum twg ua
- Thauj khoom noj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev
- Khaws kua thiab pH sib npaug hauv lub cev
- Pab ua vaj tse rau khoom noj khoom haus lawm
- Pab cov ntshav khov
- Txhawb kom muaj kev tiv thaiv antibody uas tswj cov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob
- Ua hauj lwm ua cov yam ntxwv ntawm yam ntxwv uas muab peb lub cev ntawm lawv daim duab
Yuav Ua Li Cas Cov Protein Digested
Lub plab zom cov protein pib hauv qhov ncauj nrog zom, uas ua rau khoom noj khoom haus yooj yim dua.
Nws tseem yuav pab nrog plab zom mov los ntawm chopping zaub mov rau hauv cov khoom me me. Nco ntsoov tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau chob koj cov zaub mov kom huv si; tsis txhob qhwv koj cov zaub mov hauv cov khoom loj loj.
Protein digestion tseem nyob hauv plab nrog tso ntawm digestive juices uas muaj hydrochloric acid thiab pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen rau pepsin, uas pib zom cov nyiaj ntawm cov amino acids. Txoj kev no yuav siv qhov chaw thaum cov leeg nqaij ib puag ncig ntawm lub plab thiab squish cov khoom noj thiab lub plab ua ke.
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv me me uas cov hydrochloric acid yog neutralized nrog bicarbonates tawm ntawm cov txiav. Cov txiav ua rau lub cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hu ua trypsin. Trypsin tseem zom cov amino acids, uas yog ces absorbed rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Thaum nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov amino acids raug coj mus rau lub hlwb hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv koj lub cev. Koj lub cev siv cov amino acids los tsim cov proteins uas yuav tsum tau siv rau kev sib txawv.
Proteins li Zog
Koj yuav tsis xav txog cov protein ua lub zog los, tab sis cov proteins yuav pab txhawb kom koj cov khoom noj. Cov calorie ntau ntau yuav tsum tau lees paub yog tias koj saib koj qhov hnyav . Txhua tus kab uas muaj protein ntau koj noj muaj plaub calories. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Tebchaws Meskas tau qhia tias koj tau txais li ntawm 15 feem pua mus rau 20 feem pua ntawm koj cov calories los ntawm cov protein. Rau ib tus neeg uas xav tau 2000 calorie ntau ntau ib hnub, uas yuav sib npaug li 75 mus rau 100 grams protein.
Nqaij, ntses, nqaij ntses, nqaij qaib, qe, thiab khoom siv mis nyuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein, tab sis koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov kua protein los ntawm ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo, legumes, txiv ntseej, thiab noob. Nws tsis yooj yim kom tau txais cov protein ntau txaus hauv koj cov khoom noj. Ib tug qaib ceg ib leeg yuav muab rau koj txog 30 grams ntawm cov protein. Ib ntsev ntses fillet muaj txog 40 grams ntawm cov protein, ib khob ntawm oatmeal muaj rau grams ntawm cov protein, thiab ib khob asparagus txawm muaj ob grams protein. Vim cov neeg feem coob tau txais cov protein ntau txaus los ntawm lawv qhov kev noj haus, cov protein deficiency tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv cov teb chaws tsim.
Nyob hauv lub teb chaws tsis tshua muaj zog, kev tsis noj nqaij thiab tsis muaj protein ntau yog ntau dua. Muaj protein ntau tsis txaus yog hu ua kwashiorkor. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj cov kwashiorkor yuav muaj caj npab thiab ob txhais ceg thiab loj loj, tsis muaj dej khov. Tsis muaj cov protein ntau tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj kev loj hlob, poob ntawm cov nqaij pob txha, kev nyuaj siab muaj zog, kev mob ntsws, teeb meem ntawm plawv, thiab kev tuag.
Cov chaw
Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. "Cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov tib neeg metabolism." Sixth Edition. Belmont, CA. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 2013.
Smolin LA, Grosvenor, MB. "Khoom noj khoom haus: Science thiab Applications." Thib Peb. Wiley Publishing Company, 2013.
National Academies ntawm Sciences, Engineering thiab Tshuaj, Kho Mob thiab Tshuaj Kho Mob. "Dietary Reference Intakes Ntxhuav thiab Daim Ntawv Thov." http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Activities/Nutrition/SummaryDRIs/DRI-Tables.aspx.
Teb Chaws Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Kev Ua Liaj Teb Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Qoob Ua Liaj Ua Teb Hauv Tebchaws Siv Lub Hauv Paus Cov Ntaub Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb 28. https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search.