FDA tsomxam qee yam qee yam tawm tsam cov nqaij nruab deg txawv
Hauv txhua txoj kev ncaj ncees, ntau hom nqaij nruab deg zoo li ntsev, kua qaub, thiab cov suab muaj mercury metabolized. Ntxiv mus, trepidation txog metabolised mercury nyob rau hauv cov nqaij nruab deg tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab, thiab, tag nrho, ntses yog noj zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, FDA yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem muab kho dua nws cov tswv yim hais txog kev noj nqaij nruab deg los ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov niam txiv laus, cov poj niam xav tau kev xeeb tub thiab cov me nyuam yau.
Tshwj xeeb tshaj, cov feds thiab lwm tus neeg txhawj xeeb txog qhov kev puas hlwb ntawm lub cev uas muaj mercury nyob rau hauv peb lub cev-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov teebmeem ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov menyuam yaus uas tseem tab tom loj hlob tuaj.
Ua li cas Mercury ua nws txoj hauv kev ua lag luam?
Mercury ua rau nws mus rau hauv nqaij nruab deg, ntses, thiab qwj ntses, nrog rau kev sib txuas lus.
Ua ntej, hlau mercury mercury (Hg 0 ) uas tsim los ntawm ob lub ntuj tsim (xav hais tias hluav taws kub los yog hluav taws kub volcanic) thiab kev ua qias tuaj (hlawv ntawm fossil fuels) nce mus rau hauv chaw. Ib zaug hauv qhov chaw, cov mercury no oxidized los ua divalent inorganic mercury (Hg 2+ ) uas dhau ces rov qab rau lub ntiaj teb nto li nag. Cov kab mob ntses xws li mog cov tshuaj methylates no ua mercury (forming MeHg + los yog methylmercury), thiab cov metilolised methylmercury tso rau hauv lipids los yog rog ntawm cov tsiaj, ua nws txoj kev txhua txoj kev mus rau cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Cov ntses ntev tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo li shark, swordfish, thiab huab tais mackerel kawg pob txha ntawm mercury, txhawm rau siv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov me nyuam yaus uas muaj kev paub txog lub hlwb.
Vim Li Cas Methylmercury Dangerous?
Ob leeg cov mercury thiab methylmercury daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov tshuaj hnyuv nyob hauv cov proteins uas cuam tshuam txog biology ntawm peb lub cev nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev thiab kev tsis txaus siab. Tshaj li, mercury ua rau oxidative kev nyuab siab ntawm cov hlwb (xav tias kev tsim cov dawb radicals), messes nrog microtubules (xav tias messed li cell division) thiab tej zaum kuj ua rau yus qhov kev phom sij.
Muaj tseeb tiag, peb tsis to taub cov mercury ntxhov siab li cas, tab sis qhov peb paub txog mercury lom yog ntshai heev.
Nov yog qee cov kev phem uas muaj cov methylmercury ntxhov nrog peb lub cev:
- dig muag
- cerebral palsy
- teeb meem kev loj hlob
- kev tsis muaj peev xwm
- nkees
- tsis hnov lus
- ataxia (poob ntawm kev yeem sib koom tes ntawm cov leeg taw)
- leeg qis
- taw
- tuag tes tuag taw (nrog rau mob lom loj heev)
- tuag (nrog rau mob lom loj heev)
- kab mob hauv lub plawv (qee cov kev tshawb fawb pom zoo tias methylmercury yuav ua rau atherosclerosis)
Ntawm kev ceeb toom, qee qhov ntawm cov kev nyuab siab txog kev puas hlwb xws li hlwb qog nqaij hlav thiab kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm ua rau siv fetuses thiab cov menyuam yaus. Yog li, FDA thiab ntau lub koom haum kho mob tau ceeb toom rau cov neeg no.
Txawm tias mercury tawm ntawm lub siab thiab lub raum, nws muaj ib nrab hnub tshwj xeeb ntev hauv lub cev. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws siv sij hawm ntev heev rau peb kom tshem tawm ntawm peb tus kheej ntawm noj mercury. Tsis tas li ntawd, methylmercury yuav luag tag nrho ntawm lub qhov hnyuv tawm thiab zoo heev thaum hla cov ntshav-hlwb barrier, ua rau lub hlwb thiab tus txha nqaj qaum tshwj xeeb yog nkag siab txog nws cov teebmeem.
Tshuaj lom nrog methylmercury yog insidious, thiab tsis zoo li lwm cov kab mob ntawm mercury lom, chelation thiab emesis (ntuav) tsis tshem koj lub cev ntawm qhov hnyav hlau no.
Qhov tseeb, kev tiv thaiv yog tib txoj kev tiv thaiv uas peb muaj tawm tsam methylmercury. Hauv kev txhais tau tias, txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tau siv cov tshuaj methylmercury lom yog kom tsis txhob noj nws hauv thawj qhov chaw.
Methylmercury hauv Cov Nqaij Cov Nqaij Hli Txhais Li Cas Rau Koj?
Raws li taw qhia los ntawm FDA thiab lwm tus neeg ntxiv, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov nqaij nruab deg yog muaj kev noj qab haus huv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov roj ntsha, minerals, thiab vitamins. Tshaj li, cov nqaij nruab deg muaj tsawg tsawg nyob rau ntawm roj thiab muaj roj omega-3 fatty acids. Peb txhua tus, txawm tias poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov me nyuam yaus, yuav tsum muaj kev noj qab haus huv, cov khoom noj thiab cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau peb cov khoom noj.
Qhov tseeb tiag, nrog FDA ua ke, FDA yeej txhawb cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov leej niam laus thiab leej niam xav tias yuav tau noj 8 mus rau 12 ooj ntawm nqaij nruab deg ib lub lim tiam, thiab cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 2 txog 8 xyoo yuav tsum noj 3 mus rau 6 ounces.
Hauv lwm cov lus, cov neeg zoo li no yuav tsum tau noj li 2 mus rau 3 qhov nqaij nruab deg tauj ib lim piam.
Txawm li cas los xij, FDA yog tawm tswv yim rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov niam laus, cov poj niam xav kom cev xeeb tub thiab cov me nyuam yaus noj ntses feem ntau qis dua theem ntawm methylmercury zoo li tilapia, catfish, thiab cod. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov feds pom zoo tiv thaiv kev noj cov shark, swordfish, huab tais mackerel thiab tilefish ntes tau tawm ntawm Gulf ntug dej hiav txwv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg uas noj cov ntses los ntawm cov dej nqos tau dej yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv zos txog mercury thiab yuav ceev faj cov ntses ntawm thaj chaw uas tsis muaj kev tawm tswv yim.
Ntawm qhov kev ceeb toom, txawm hais tias FDA teev cov teeb meem uas muaj me ntsis hauv mercury los ntawm cov mercury tsawg, qhov kev txheeb xyuas no yog sib tw los ntawm ntau tus kws kho mob uas ceeb toom zoo tshaj plaws rau cov niam thiab cov me nyuam kom nyob deb ntawm cov noob tuna.
Thov nco ntsoov tias txawm yog dab tsi uas kuv tau koom nrog koj kom deb li deb, FDA cov tswv yim yog tswv yim xwb . Nws tsis tshua muaj tsawg uas tsuas pub muaj teeb meem ntawm cov nqaij nruab deg txawm tias yuav raug methylmercury lom. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj cev xeeb tub los yog tu neeg laus thiab koj plam thiab noj cov ntses thaum lub sij hawm Valentine hnub nrog koj tus txij nkawm, tsis tas yuav mus freak. Cia li sim nyob deb ntawm cov ntses ntau zaus thiab txo tus ntses kom tag rau lub lim piam-ib qho chaw FDA, thiab.
Txawm tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog methylmercury nyob rau hauv cov nqaij nruab deg, feem coob ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas muaj cov mercury tsawg hauv lawv lub cev - txawm li ntawm cov neeg uas noj cov ntses dej ntses, ntau tshaj cov ntses nruab nrab, los yog ob qho tib si. Piv txwv, ib txoj kev tshawb no tsis ntev dhau los muaj pes tsawg tus neeg laus nrog EPA ntshav-mercury concentration uas xam qhov teeb meem uas tsim kev puas tsuaj (ntau dua los sis sib npaug li 5.8 micrograms ib zaug) ntawm 4.6 feem pua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias tsuas yog 0.5 feem pua ntawm cov hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog 1 txog rau 19 xyoos sau npe txog ntshav mercury ntau ntau.
Cov Cheeb Tsam Xaiv
Byrns MC, Penning TM. Tshooj 67. Tej Yam Tshuaj Toxicology: Carcinogens thiab Heavy Metals. Hauv: Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC. eds. Goodman & Gilman tus Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
"Lub Longitudinal Study of Mercury Exposure Associated Nrog Siv Tau Cov Zaub Mov Tshiab Ntawm Ib Lub Tsev Kawm Txawv Tebchaws Hauv Zej Zog South Central Tebchaws" los ntawm Z Dong thiab cov kws sau ntawv luam tawm hauv Environmental Research nyob rau xyoo 2015.
"Noj Nqes Ntses los Tsis Noj Khoom Ntses" los ntawm R Nelson los ntawm AJN luam tawm xyoo 2015.
"Tshaj Lawm Ntxiv Txog Ib nrab ntawm Cov Neeg Hluas Hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Cov Hluas Nqaij Hiav Txwv thiab Feem Ntau Muaj Cov Tshuaj Ntsuas Ntshav Mercury Cov Kev Ntsuas Hauv qab no, 2009-2012" los ntawm SJ Nielsen thiab cov kws sau ntawv luam tawm hauv Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Khoom Noj Khoom Noj Noj Qab Haus Huv Epidemiology .